Creating CentOS VM on Nutanix with Ansible

CREATING CENTOS VM ON NUTANIX USING ANSIBLE

INTRODUCTION

Nutanix Prism is a management solution for virtualized data center environments. Prism manages the entire stack from the storage and computes infrastructure up to virtual machines (VMs).

Here, we’ll discuss how to create a CentOS VM on Nutanix using the Ansible playbook. Ansible is a high-level automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment.

Fig: Stages of creating CentOS VM on Nutanix using Ansible

PREREQUISITES

Nutanix Prism login credentials
Nutanix cluster URL, cluster name, subnet name, and disk image name

ANSIBLE FOR NUTANIX VM CREATION

Ansible roles are sets of Ansible defaults, files, tasks, templates, variables, and other Ansible components that work together. ‘nutanix_vm_provisioner’ is a fundamental Ansible role to provision VMs on a Nutanix AHV using APIv3.

Variables Required:

api_version: # Add API version, it’s best to use v3 (if available)
cluster_url: # IP address where you would typically log in to PRISM
prism_user: # An account with permissions to provision on the cluster
prism_password: # The password to your account
cluster_name: # Name of the cluster to provision against
subnet_name: # Name of the Subnet to add VMs to
image_name: # Name of the disk image or ISO to use
vm_defs: # The list of dicts that defines the VMs to be created

Ansible Roles Required

A single role, ‘nutanix_vm’ is required for the VM creation.

’nutanix_vm’ role deals with creating a VM with the provided subnet, cluster, and the OS image by authenticating with a session cookie for logging into the Prism. The variables used in the code are placed in the ‘defaults’ folder of the role ‘nutanix_vm’. The ‘defaults/main.yaml’ file used is shown below:

Filename: defaults/main.yaml

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global_debug: true
api_version: "3.0"
host_name: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_INVENTORY_HOST')}}"
cluster_url: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_PRISM_ADDRESS')}}"
api_url_v3: "https://{{ cluster_url }}:9440/api/nutanix/v3"
cluster_port: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_PRISM_PORT')}}"
prism_user: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_PRISM_USER_NAME')}}"
prism_password: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_PRISM_USER_PASSWORD')}}"
cluster_name: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_PRISM_CLUSTER_NAME')}}"
subnet_name: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_SUBNET_NAME')}}"
image_name: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_IMAGE')}}"
vm_net_domain: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_DOMAIN')}}"
root_disk_size: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_ROOT_DISK_SIZE')}}"
data_disk_size: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_DATA_DISK_SIZE')}}"
vm_name: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_NAME')}}"
vm_ram: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_RAM') }}"
vm_num_cpu_per_socket: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_CPU_PER_SOCKET')}}"
vm_num_sockets: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_CPU_SOCKET')}}"
ansible_user: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_ANSIBLE_USER_NAME')}}"
ansible_key: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_ANSIBLE_KEY')}}"
ansible_pub: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_ANSIBLE_PUB_KEY')}}"
vm_root_password: "{{ lookup('env','NUTANIX_VM_ROOT_PASSWORD')}}"
vm_defs:
        - {vm_name: "{{ vm_name }}",vm_ram: "{{ vm_ram }}", vm_num_cpu_per_socket: "{{ vm_num_cpu_per_socket  }}", vm_num_sockets: "{{ vm_num_sockets }}"}
ansible_ssh_public_key: "{{ lookup('file', '{{ ansible_pub }}') }}"

The templates used for the playbook are placed in the ‘templates’ folder of the role ‘nutanix_vm’. Each of the template files ( which is passed as Jinja2 file/j2 file ) are listed below:

J2 Filename 1: templates/cloud-init.yml.j2

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J2 Filename 2: templates/nutanix.py.j2

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#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import sys
from time import time
import argparse
import socket
import requests
import yaml

try:
    import json
except ImportError:
    import simplejson as json

class NutanixInventory(object):

def __init__(self):
        ''' Main execution path '''

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
        self.session = requests.Session()

# Parse CLI arguments
 self.parse_cli_args()
        # Get environment variable
        nutanix_mode = os.environ.get('NUTANIX_MODE')

if self.args.host:
            self.nutanix_inventory('host')
        elif self.args.names or bool(nutanix_mode == 'names'):
            self.names = True
            if self.args.refresh_cache:
                self.nutanix_cache('refresh')
            else:
                self.nutanix_cache('cache')
        else:
            self.names = False
            if self.args.refresh_cache:
                self.nutanix_cache('refresh')
            else:
                self.nutanix_cache('cache')

if self.args.pretty:
            print(json.dumps(self.inventory, sort_keys=True, indent=2))
        else:
            print(json.dumps(self.inventory, sort_keys=True, indent=2))
            #print(self.inventory)

def parse_cli_args(self):
        ''' Command line argument processing '''

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
            description='Produce an Ansible inventory file from Nutanix')

parser.add_argument('--list', action='store_true', default=True ,
                            help='List instances by IP address (default: True)')
        parser.add_argument('--host', action='store',
                            help='Get all variables about a VM')
        parser.add_argument('--names', action='store_true',
                            help='List instances by VM name')
        parser.add_argument('--pretty', action='store_true',
                            help='Pretty-print results')
        parser.add_argument('--refresh-cache', action='store_true',
                            help='Force refresh of cache by making API requests to Nutanix (default: False - use cache files)')

self.args = parser.parse_args()

@staticmethod
    def get_settings():
        ''' Retrieve settings from nutanix.yml '''

nutanix_default_yml_path = '/tmp/nutanix.yml'

nutanix_yml_path = os.path.expanduser(
            os.path.expandvars(
                os.environ.get('NUTANIX_YML_PATH', nutanix_default_yml_path)))

try:
            with open(nutanix_yml_path) as nutanix_yml_file:
  config = yaml.safe_load(nutanix_yml_file)
        except IOError:
            print('Could not find nutanix.yml file at {}'
                  .format(nutanix_yml_path))
            sys.exit(1)

return config

def authenticate(self):
        ''' Authenticate to the Nutanix cluster API '''

payload = {
            'j_username': self.nutanix_username,
            'j_password': self.nutanix_password
        }

response = self.session.post(
            'https://{}:{}/PrismGateway/j_spring_security_check'
            .format(self.nutanix_address, self.nutanix_port),
            data=payload, verify=self.verify_ssl)

if response.status_code == 401:
            print("Failed to authenticate to {}.".format(self.nutanix_address))
            sys.exit(1)

@staticmethod
    def validate_auth(data):
        ''' Validate API authentication '''

if 'An Authentication object was not found in the SecurityContext' not in data:
            return True

def get_ahv_list(self):
        ''' Pull from the Nutanix Acropolis API '''

ahv = self.session.get(
            'https://{}:{}/api/nutanix/v0.8/vms'
            .format(self.nutanix_address, self.nutanix_port),
            verify=self.verify_ssl)

if not self.validate_auth(ahv.text):
            self.authenticate()
            self.get_ahv_list()
        else:
            self.ahv_list = json.loads(ahv.text)

def get_prism_list(self):
        ''' Pull from the Nutanix Prism API '''

prism = self.session.get(
            'https://{}:{}/PrismGateway/services/rest/v1/vms'
            .format(self.nutanix_address, self.nutanix_port),
            verify=self.verify_ssl)

if not self.validate_auth(prism.text):
            self.authenticate()
 self.get_prism_list()
        else:
            self.prism_list = json.loads(prism.text)

def get_vm_details(self):
        ''' Get details of a VM '''

vm = self.session.get(
            'https://{}:{}/PrismGateway/services/rest/v1/vms/{}'
            .format(self.nutanix_address, self.nutanix_port, self.vm_uuid),
            verify=self.verify_ssl)

if not self.validate_auth(vm.text):
            self.authenticate()
            self.get_vm_details()
        else:
            self.vm_details = json.loads(vm.text)

def get_host_info(self):
        ''' Return information about a VM '''

# Needed for VM IP and name
        self.get_prism_list()

host = self.args.host

# Check if --host arg is IP or VM name
        try:
            socket.inet_aton(host)
            host_by_ip = True
        except socket.error:
            host_by_ip = False

# Find host by IP
        if host_by_ip:
            for entity in self.prism_list['entities']:
                for address in entity['ipAddresses']:
                    if address == host:
                        self.vm_uuid = entity['uuid']
                        self.get_vm_details()
                        self.inventory.update(self.vm_details)
                        break
                else:
                    continue
                break
        # Find host by VM name
        else:
            for entity in self.prism_list['entities']:
                if entity['vmName'].lower() == host.lower():
                    self.vm_uuid = entity['uuid']
                    self.get_vm_details()
                    self.inventory.update(self.vm_details)
                    break

return self.inventory

def get_cluster_info(self):
        ''' Get details of a cluster '''

cluster = self.session.get(
            'https://{}:{}/PrismGateway/services/rest/v1/cluster'
            .format(self.nutanix_address, self.nutanix_port),
            verify=self.verify_ssl)

if not self.validate_auth(cluster.text):
            self.authenticate()
            self.get_cluster_info()
        else:
            self.cluster_info = json.loads(cluster.text)

def build_cluster_inventory(self):
        ''' Generate inventory per cluster '''

# Needed for VM IPs
        self.get_prism_list()
        # Needed for VM descriptions
        self.get_ahv_list()
        # Needed to get the cluster name
        self.get_cluster_info()

for prism_entity in self.prism_list['entities']:
            for ahv_entity in self.ahv_list['entities']:
                if prism_entity['uuid'] == ahv_entity['uuid']:
                    # Only build inventory by VM name, or by IP when IPs present
                    if (self.names is True) or (self.names is False and prism_entity['ipAddresses']):
                        if '_meta' not in self.inventory:
                            self.inventory['_meta'] = {'hostvars': {}}
                        if self.cluster_info['name'].lower() not in self.inventory:
                            self.inventory[self.cluster_info['name'].lower()] = {'hosts': []}
                        if self.names:
                            # Only add unique VM names to inventory
                            if prism_entity['vmName'].lower() not in self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars']:
                                self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][prism_entity['vmName'].lower()] = {}
                                self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][prism_entity['vmName'].lower()].update(prism_entity)
                                self.inventory[self.cluster_info['name'].lower()]['hosts'].append(prism_entity['vmName'].lower())
                            # Fail otherwise
                            else:
                                print('{} exists more than once. Stopping.'.format(prism_entity['vmName'].lower()))
                                sys.exit(1)
                            # Group VMs by power state
                            if ('powerstate_{}'.format(prism_entity['powerState'])) not in self.inventory:
                                self.inventory['powerstate_{}'.format(prism_entity['powerState'])] = {'hosts': []}
                            self.inventory['powerstate_{}'.format(prism_entity['powerState'])]['hosts'].append(prism_entity['vmName'].lower())
                        else:
                            for address in prism_entity['ipAddresses']:
                                # Only add unique IPs to inventory
                                if address not in self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars']:
                                    self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][address] = {}
                                    self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][address].update(prism_entity)
                                    self.inventory[self.cluster_info['name'].lower()]['hosts'].append(address)
                                # Fail otherwise
 else:
                                    print('{} exists more than once. Stopping'.format(address))
                                    sys.exit(1)
                        # Look for VMs with a description field
                        if 'description' in ahv_entity['config']:
                            # Look for non-empty descriptions
                            if ahv_entity['config']['description']:
                                # Look for a JSON object in the description
                                try:
                                    # Strip outer quotes, if present
                                    description = json.loads(ahv_entity['config']['description'].strip('"'))
                                    # Register any specified groups
                                    if 'groups' in description:
                                        for group in description['groups']:
                                            if group.lower() not in self.inventory:
                                                self.inventory[group.lower()] = {'hosts': []}
                                            if self.names:
                                                self.inventory[group.lower()]['hosts'].append(prism_entity['vmName'].lower())
                                            else:
                                                for address in prism_entity['ipAddresses']:
                                                    self.inventory[group.lower()]['hosts'].append(address)
                                    # Register any specified hostvars
                                    if 'hostvars' in description:
                                        if '_meta' not in self.inventory:
                                            self.inventory['_meta'] = {'hostvars': {}}
                                        if self.names:
                                            for var in description['hostvars']:
                                                self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][prism_entity['vmName'].lower()].update({var: description['hostvars'][var]})
                                        else:
                                            for var in description['hostvars']:
                                                self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][address].update({var: description['hostvars'][var]})
                                # Ignore VMs whose description is not in JSON
                                except ValueError:
                                    pass

return self.inventory

def nutanix_inventory(self, inventory_type):
        ''' Generate inventory from one or more configured clusters '''

config = self.get_settings()

self.inventory = {}

try:
            cluster_list = config.get('clusters')

for cluster in cluster_list:
                cluster_details = cluster_list.get(cluster)
                # Get cluster address
                try:
                    self.nutanix_address = cluster_details['address']
                except KeyError:
                    print('An address must be configured for cluster {}.'
                          .format(cluster))
sys.exit(1)
                # API port defaults to 9440 unless specified otherwise
                if 'port' in cluster_details:
                    self.nutanix_port = cluster_details['port']
                else:
                    self.nutanix_port = 9440
                # Get cluster username
                try:
                    self.nutanix_username = cluster_details['username']
                except KeyError:
                    print('A username must be configured for cluster {}.'
                          .format(cluster))
                    sys.exit(1)
                # Get cluster password
                try:
                    self.nutanix_password = cluster_details['password']
                except KeyError:
                    print('A password must be configured for cluster {}.'
                          .format(cluster))
                    sys.exit(1)
                # SSL verification defaults to True unless specified otherwise
                if 'verify_ssl' in cluster_details:
                    self.verify_ssl = cluster_details['verify_ssl']
                else:
                    self.verify_ssl = True

if inventory_type == 'all':
                    self.inventory.update(self.build_cluster_inventory())
                elif inventory_type == 'host':
                    self.inventory.update(self.get_host_info())

return self.inventory

except TypeError:
            print('No cluster found in the nutanix.yml configuration file.')
            sys.exit(1)

def validate_cache(self, filename):
        ''' Determines whether cache file has expired '''

if os.path.isfile(filename):
            mod_time = os.path.getmtime(filename)
            current_time = time()
            if (mod_time + int(self.cache_max_age)) > current_time:
                return True
        return False

@staticmethod
    def write_to_cache(data, filename):
        ''' Writes inventory data to a file '''

cache = open(filename, 'w')
        cache.write(json.dumps(data))
        cache.close()

def load_from_cache(self, filename):
    ''' Reads inventory data from cache file '''

cache = open(filename, 'r')
        json_data = cache.read()
        cache.close()
        self.inventory = json.loads(json_data)

def nutanix_cache(self, status):
        ''' Retrieve or refresh cache '''

config = self.get_settings()

try:
            cache_settings = config.get('caching')

try:
                self.cache_max_age = cache_settings['cache_max_age']
            except KeyError:
                print('A caching time must be set, even if set to 0.')
                sys.exit(1)
            try:
                self.cache_path = cache_settings['cache_path']
            except KeyError:
                print('A path must be set for cached inventory files.')
                sys.exit(1)
            try:
                self.cache_base_name = cache_settings['cache_base_name']
            except KeyError:
                print('A base name must be set for cached inventory files.')
                sys.exit(1)

except TypeError:
            print('Could not load caching settings from nutanix.yml.')
            sys.exit(1)

if self.names:
            file_extension = '-names'
        else:
            file_extension = '-list'

# Pull from cache or update cache if expired
        if status == 'cache':
            if self.validate_cache(self.cache_path
                                   + self.cache_base_name
                                   + file_extension):
                self.load_from_cache(self.cache_path
                                     + self.cache_base_name
                                     + file_extension)
            else:
                self.nutanix_inventory('all')
                try:
                    self.write_to_cache(self.inventory, self.cache_path
                                        + self.cache_base_name
                                        + file_extension)
                except IOError as error:
                    print(error)
sys.exit(1)
                self.nutanix_cache('cache')
        # Force refresh
        elif status == 'refresh':
            self.nutanix_inventory('all')
            try:
                self.write_to_cache(self.inventory, self.cache_path
                                    + self.cache_base_name
                                    + file_extension)
            except IOError as error:
                print(error)
                sys.exit(1)
            self.nutanix_cache('cache')

NutanixInventory()

Given below is the sample template we used to create the VM:

J2 Filename 3: templates/nutanix.yml.j2

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J2 Filename 3: templates/vm-body.yml.j2

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Once the above setup and configuration are done, the following tasks (by default, tasks are available in the tasks folder) are executed by Ansible one by one. The ‘tasks’ for the role ‘nutanix_vm’ are explained below:

TASK 1: LOG IN TO NUTANIX PRISM VIA SESSION COOKIE

This step shows how to log in to the Prism by creating a session cookie. A session cookie is used to store information in temporary memory and is deleted after the login is completed. This makes the authentication process more secure. The following task is executed by Ansible to log in to the Prism using a session cookie.

Filename: tasks/session_cookie.yml

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TASK 2: FIND THE NUTANIX CLUSTER LISTS AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

The following task shows how to get the list of clusters and their unique identifiers (UUIDs). It also shows you how to find the required cluster name and the corresponding UUID for creating the VM.

Filename: tasks/cluster_uuid.yml

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TASK 3: FIND THE NUTANIX SUBNET LISTS AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

This task shows how to get the list of subnets and their unique identifiers (UUIDs). It also shows you how to find the required subnet name and the corresponding UUID for creating the VM.

Filename: tasks/subnet_uuid.yml

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TASK 4: FIND THE NUTANIX OS IMAGE FOR THE VM CREATION

This task shows how to get the list of OS images and their unique identifiers (UUIDs). It also shows you how to find the required image name and the corresponding UUID for creating the VM.

Filename: tasks/image_uuid.yml

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TASK 5: CONFIGURE THE CLUSTER, IMAGE, AND SUBNET UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

This step shows you how to configure and use the universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) of the cluster, image, and subnet found from the previous steps for the VM creation.

Filename: tasks/configure_uuids.yml

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TASK 6: PROVISION NUTANIX VM WITH CENTOS IMAGE

This task shows how to provision a new VM (uses CentOS image here) in the Nutanix cluster. You can do this by running the python script ‘nutanix.py’ (referred to above in the templates section), after providing the configuration parameters and image template as defined above.

‘nutanix.py’ is a Python script that generates a dynamic inventory that Ansible can understand by making API requests to related Nutanix clusters. To get a better idea about this, please refer: https://github.com/mattkeeler/ansible-nutanix-inventory

Filename: tasks/provision_vm.yml

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- name: Copy python with owner and permissions
  template:
    src: nutanix.py.j2
    dest: /tmp/nutanix.py
    owner: root
    group: root
    mode: u=rwx,g=rx,o=r

- name: Copy  yaml with owner and permissions
  template:
       src: nutanix.yml.j2
       dest: /tmp/nutanix.yml
    owner: root
    group: root
    mode: u=rwx,g=rx,o=r

- name: run python script
shell:  /tmp/nutanix.py --host {{ vm_name }}
  register: output
- debug: var=output.stdout

- name: Debug | Print VM definitions
  debug:
    var: vm_defs
  when: global_debug

- name: Create fact with VM template contents
  set_fact: 
      vm_body: "{{ lookup('template', 'vm-body.yml.j2') | from_yaml }}"
  loop: "{{ vm_defs }}"  
  register: templates
  loop_control:
      loop_var: vm

- name: Debug | Print Template lookup result
  debug:
      msg: "{{ item.ansible_facts.vm_body }}"
  when: global_debug
  with_items: "{{ templates.results }}"

- name: Create a VM from a template
  uri:
      url: "{{ api_url_v3 }}/vms"
      body:
          "{{ template.ansible_facts.vm_body }}"
    method: POST
    validate_certs: no
    body_format: json
    headers:
         Cookie: "{{ session_cookie }}"
    status_code: 202
  register: json_create_result
  with_items: "{{ templates.results }}"
  loop_control:
    loop_var: template
  when: 'output.stdout_lines ==  [
            "{}"
        ]'

- name: Debug | Print VM creation result
  debug: msg="{{json_create_result}}"
 
- name: Debug | Display VM creation response
  debug:
       msg: "{{ item.json.metadata.uuid }}"
  when: 'output.stdout_lines ==  [
"{}"
        ]'
  with_items: "{{ json_create_result.results }}"

- name: Register the created vm uuid's for future use
  set_fact:
    _uuids: "{{ item.json.metadata.uuid }}"
  with_items: "{{ json_create_result.results }}"
  register: vm_uuids
  when: 'output.stdout_lines ==  [
            "{}"
        ]'  
  no_log: True

- name: Debug | Print VM uuids 
  debug:
    var: vm_uuids
when: 'output.stdout_lines ==  [
            "{}"
        ]'

TASK 7: MAIN TASK TO RUN OTHER TASKS AND CREATE CENTOS VM

This is the main task, which will initiate and execute other tasks defined in the tasks folder (as explained above) to create the CentOS VM.

Filename: tasks/main.yaml

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HOW TO CALL THE ROLE

This step shows how to execute the role ‘nutanix_vm’. Create a yaml file ‘call.yaml’ in the location where the ‘nutanix_vm’ role is present. Then, add the code given below in the yaml file.

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Execute the role by running the command given below:

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When the CentOS creation is completed, the IP address and name of the new CentOS will be printed in the terminal as follows:

CONCLUSION

Ansible is an efficient and relatively simple tool for automating infrastructure (IaC – Infrastructure as Code). In this tutorial, I used the Ansible role ‘nutanix_vm_provisioner’ to create a CentOS VM on the Nutanix cluster. Ansible can also help with tasks like app deployments, configuration management, and workflow orchestration.

REFERENCES

https://galaxy.ansible.com/mbach04/nutanix_vm_provisioner

https://github.com/mattkeeler/ansible-nutanix-inventory

About The Author

Sreedevi J S

Cloud Dev-Ops Engineer | Cloud Control

Cloud DevOps Engineer with more than three years of experience supporting, automating and optimizing deployments to hybrid cloud platforms using DevOps processes, tools, CI/CD, containers, and Kubernetes in both Production and Development environments.

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CREATING CENTOS VM ON NUTANIX USING ANSIBLE

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CREATING CENTOS VM ON NUTANIX USING ANSIBLE

INTRODUCTION

PREREQUISITES

ANSIBLE FOR NUTANIX VM CREATION

Ansible roles are sets of Ansible defaults, files, tasks, templates, variables, and other Ansible components that work together. ‘nutanix_vm_provisioner’ is a fundamental Ansible role to provision VMs on a Nutanix AHV using APIv3.

Ansible Roles Required

TASK 1: LOG IN TO NUTANIX PRISM VIA SESSION COOKIE

TASK 2: FIND THE NUTANIX CLUSTER LISTS AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

TASK 3: FIND THE NUTANIX SUBNET LISTS AND UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

TASK 4: FIND THE NUTANIX OS IMAGE FOR THE VM CREATION

TASK 5: CONFIGURE THE CLUSTER, IMAGE, AND SUBNET UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

TASK 6: PROVISION NUTANIX VM WITH CENTOS IMAGE

TASK 7: MAIN TASK TO RUN OTHER TASKS AND CREATE CENTOS VM

HOW TO CALL THE ROLE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

About The Author

Sreedevi J S

About Cloud Control

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